Khydyn's Plant Pathology Blog

Chapter 3, Evolutionary Change in Nucleotide Sequences 1. estimating the rate of evolution 2. reconstructing the evolutionary history of organisms NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION IN A DNA SEQUENCE Jukes and Cantor's one-parameter model (1969) subsitutions occur with equal probability among the 4 nucleotide types one-parameter model (α) Kimura's two-parameter model (1980) two-paramet..

Chapter 2, Dynamics of Genes in Populations CHANGES IN ALLELE FREQUENCIES Locus - the chromosomal or genomic location of a gene Allelels - alternative forms of the gene at a given locus Allele frequency (gene frequency) - the relative proportion of an allele Gene pool - the set of all alleles existing in a population at all loci Deterministic model - chnages in the frequencies..

Chapter1, Genes, Genetic Codes and Mutation NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES DNA - two complementary strands 4 kinds of nucleotides - 2 purines [R] (adenine [A], guanine [G]), 2 pyrimidines [Y] (thymine [T], cytosine[C]) A=T weak bond, G≡C strong bond, canonical base pairs 5' - upstream, 3' - downstream heavy strand - contains many purines, light strand - contains many pyrimidines RNA -..